Construction of Trajectories for System Stable Functioning by Their Hierarchical Models
Authors: Valery Yu. Mikhailov ; Tatiana A. Isayeva
Pages: 80-84
DOI:
doi.org/10.32861/jssr.spi5.80.84
Abstract
The paper proposes the language for system model description in the form of a hierarchy of so-called control units (CUs). Each CU is characterized by a set of state parameters Q combining a set of X inputs and a set of internal parameters P; a set of secondary control units B1, ..., Bn; the control function F(i, X(t), Q(t-1)), which, by the number of the secondary unit i, the input parameters of the unit at time t and the state parameters at time t-1, determines the values of the input parameters of the secondary block Bi in moment of time t; the recalculation function of H(X(t), Q(t-1), Q1(t),..., Qn(t)), which determines P(t) values of the unit internal parameters according to the state parameter values of the secondary units at the moment of time t. An important advantage of this method of the model description for a particular system S is the possibility to construct the Boolean function FRI(QI(t-1), QI(t)) in the form of a BDD within a limited time, true t., etc. when QI(t) are the values of the unit I state parameters for the model of the system S at time t, and QI(t-1) are the values of the state parameters of the unit I at time t-1. The control functions in various CU from the model of the system S are, as a rule, nondeterministic. The task consists in finding the variants of their calculation at each moment of time t so that the state parameters of certain model CU satisfy certain requirements. If these requirements are written in the form of Boolean formulas or CTL logic formulas, the problem of finding the stable operation paths of the system S is reduced to the search for all executing sets of some Boolean function given in the form of BDD. This provides an effective solution to the problem of finding the trajectories of system S stable functioning. The obtained results were used in the development of complex socio-economic system models and "correct" programs for their development.
Development of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises on the Example of the Russian Federation and the Slovak Republic
Authors: Askar N. Mustafin ; Jaroslav Gonos ; Katarína Čulková
Pages: 85-89
DOI:
doi.org/10.32861/jssr.spi5.85.89
Abstract
Small and medium-sized enterprises in the modern market economy play the role of one of the main sectors that determine the vector and rates of economic growth of the gross domestic product. All developed countries strongly support the small and medium-sized business sector, since the structure and quality of GDP directly depends on it. This article examines the impact of small and medium-sized businesses on the economy of the Russian Federation and the Slovak Republic. The article compares the analysis and identifies the necessary conditions for starting business in the countries under consideration. The authors provide statistical data on the structure of small and medium-sized businesses identifies problems that slow down the development of small businesses and suggests ways to solve existing problems in this sector of the economy.
Development of the Economic Analysis Theory and its Features
Authors: Anton N. Karamyshev ; Gulsina K. Gabdullina ; Firuza A. Sharafieva ; Nadezhda L. Zelenina
Pages: 90-93
DOI:
doi.org/10.32861/jssr.sp5.90.93
Abstract
The future of the economic analysis theory is largely determined by the developments of previous generations of researchers whose history dates back to the ancient centuries and is represented in the teachings of the thinkers from the Ancient East (Confucius), Ancient Greece (Xenophon, Plato, Aristotle), Ancient Rome (Varro, Seneca). The study of economic analysis in Russia as a special branch of scientific knowledge began only in the middle of the 19th century. Practitioners have developed theoretical bases for two historical stages, and also introduced methods and methodics of economic analysis. The third historical stage is characterized by rapid development of science based on the generalization of foreign and domestic experience. Under current conditions, economic analysis acts as a mechanism for studying economic phenomena that are in dynamics and interrelations between the conditions and factors of the business environment. The development of the economic analysis methodology was determined by a change in the paradigms of the organization of the economy and, as a consequence, institutions of management. Innovations in the field of management, production, financial and investment activities were a prerequisite and reason why reliable and complete information on the activities of economic entities was required to make management decisions and identify improvement reserves. As a result of the emergence of a new approach to the organization of economic analysis, certain methods for their implementation were proposed.
Development of the Program of Effective Use of Objects of Sports Infrastructure of the City
Authors: Alfiya A. Mustafina ; Gulnara N. Kaigorodova ; Guzel Kh. Pyrkova ; Darya P. Alyakina ; Galiya R. Bagautdinova
Pages: 94-98
DOI:
doi.org/10.32861/jssr.spi5.94.98
Abstract
Sports infrastructure in Tatarstan received a boost to improvement during the preparation of the capital of the region for the XXVII World Summer Universiade. Participation in such international sports events forms a certain experience and base, named as a heritage, raises the quality of life of the population, stimulates a healthy lifestyle. In order to improve the efficiency of the use of sports infrastructure facilities, an analysis of the actual capacity of the municipal sports facilities was conducted. A program is presented to improve the efficiency of the use of sports infrastructure facilities of the city of Kazan. The scope of the program includes measures to improve the regulatory framework, the need to develop a range of standards in the formation of a guaranteed social service package, including physical education and sports, etc.
Development of Youth Entrepreneurship in Russia in the Conditions of Digital Economy
Authors: Albert V. Ramazanov ; Askar N. Mustafin ; Margarita N. Maksimova
Pages: 99-102
DOI:
doi.org/10.32861/jssr.spi5.99.102
Abstract
This paper describes the current situation with youth unemployment in Russia, put forward assumptions about its causes, including shortcomings in the organization of the educational process. The team of authors proposes measures to develop the Russian economy by involving young people in entrepreneurial activities in the conditions of digitalization of the economy through changes in the educational process of students. The analysis made it possible to draw conclusions about the ineffectiveness of the current state of economic policy, which is not aimed at promoting entrepreneurial initiatives by providing financial and other support, but at regulation and control of additional types of earnings for certain categories of citizens. The team of authors proposes recommendations on improving the educational process, within the frameworks of which the students studying at universities will be given theoretical and practical knowledge of doing business to solve existing problems.
Digestive Status of the Population in Anthropogenic Impact
Authors:
Margarita R. Gabidullina ; Irina D. Sitdikova ; Kseniia O. Firsova ; Anastasiya V. Yaparova ; Elmira N. Mingazova ; Tamara G. Denisova ; Oscar R. Ismagilov
Pages: 103-106
DOI:
doi.org/10.32861/jssr.spi5.103.106
Abstract
This paper deals with an actual topic of the food habits of the population of a certain region, their financial costs for purchasing food, the conformity of the amount of food consumed to the norms of consumption of certain products, as a factor in the development of chronic non-infectious diseases The relationship between unbalanced diet and inexorably increasing rates of diabetes, obesity and cardiovascular disease was defined in the middle of the last century. However, despite the full availability of information in the modern world and the ubiquitous propagation of a healthy lifestyle, the incidence figures speak of the lack of awareness of the population about the risk factors for health problems. We investigated one of the most important links in the prevention of chronic non-infectious diseases: the rationality of nutrition. The paper presents the methods and results of research of food habits of people of different age groups, and covers such aspects as the dependence between consumed food, financial well-being and the reasons for changing food habits (Mansurov and Kondratieva, 2017). The results of the study show a deficit in the consumption of almost all foods, especially in important segments such as plant products. The urban population does not have suitable conditions for growing vegetables and fruits, and the prices for food products are often too high for them in the appropriate amount. A small amount of meat, eggs and milk in the diet increases the risk of chronic non-infectious diseases, which raises the issue of addressing the problem of preventing deterioration in the health status of the population. This paper is a tactically important basis for developing a set of measures aimed at correcting food habits in terms of enriching the diet with vitamins, minerals and the necessary amount of proteins and carbohydrates.
Dynamics of Development of Investment Processes in the Belgorod Region
Authors: Natalia I. Lyakhova ; Natalya O. Gordeeva ; Ekaterina N. Manaeva ; Eduard V. Zhilin
Pages: 107-111
DOI:
doi.org/10.32861/jssr.spi5.107.111
Abstract
This paper deals with the results of the analysis of the dynamics of changes in the investment structure of the Belgorod region, conducted on the basis of private and integral indicators characterizing the dynamics of structural changes. The structural changes in the Belgorod region concerning investment capital are different from the corresponding figures calculated in the Central Federal District. The revealed differences characterize features of the development of investment processes and indicate a change in the priorities of those investing in the economy of the region.
Estimation of Antitrust Policy Efficiency by Diffusion Markers on The Example of The State Purchase System
Authors: Azat R. Safiullin ; Timur Ai. Mezentsev ; Amir M. Safiullin
Pages: 112-116
DOI:
doi.org/10.32861/jssr.spi5.112.116
Abstract
A sustainable development of the sectoral markets should be viewed through the prism of market structure types and the factors of their management. The difference of market structure types requires different instruments of competition policy, which is a set of consistent measures implemented by state in order to ensure the conditions for the competitiveness of economic entities, the increase of Russian economy efficiency and competitiveness, the modernization of enterprises and the creation of conditions to ensure citizen needs in goods services by cost-effective way. The article analyzed the problems of violation determination in the course of public procurement. The aim of the work is to develop an approach to the monitoring of procurement procedure correctness. In the course of the study, the regulatory framework was analyzed in the field of public procurement, as well as the most frequent violations encountered in procurement activities. The result of the work is the development of an approach to monitor the procurement activities based on deviation markers, which can be used as the tool for the initial identification of suspicious transactions by state and municipal authorities. The article was prepared within the framework of the scientific project No. 16-06-00062 supported by Russian Foundation for Basic Research.
Factor Assessment of the Aesthetic and Consumer Parameters of the Region
Authors: Elena М. Lopina ; Andrey G. Kornilov ; Yana Y. Bondareva ; Vladimir A. Kalugin
Pages: 117-121
DOI:
doi.org/10.32861/jssr.spi5.117.121
Abstract
The designed aesthetic and consumer parameters of the region (coefficients of representation of objects) depend on the type of settlement, individual characteristics of the population, its psychological and physiological characteristics, features of the combination of aesthetic resources and accessibility of areas of public environmental management. Based on the results of the assessment, the existing problems of organizing the structure of land in the settlements of the region are identified and a methodology for mapping the assessment of the consumer parameter of the region is developed.
Financial Risks: Methodological Approaches and Management Methods
Authors: Guzel Kh. Pyrkova ; Gulnara N. Kaigorodova ; Alfiya A. Mustafina ; Darya P. Alyakina
Pages: 122-127
DOI:
doi.org/10.32861/jssr.spi5.122.127
Abstract
In the process of economic activity of any organization, there is always a danger of losing money, which results from the peculiarities of various economic operations. These risks are financial. At the same time, there are a number of methodological difficulties that do not allow us to approach these risks with the utmost efficiency. In recent years, the number of risks arising from the activities of many companies has increased significantly. In this regard, there have appeared a lot of new financial instruments which are actively used by market participants. The use of these tools makes it possible to reduce the level of risks assumed, but at the same time may entail certain problems for the activities of participants in the financial market. Therefore, at present, companies are increasingly thinking about how risk can affect their economic activity and what methods are necessary to respond to problems. To overcome difficulties, it is necessary to use insurance instruments in a timely manner against possible losses At the present stage of economic development, it is difficult to overestimate the role of insurance in the system of enterprise risk management, since insurance is the way to cover losses that can accompany their financial, investment and operational activities.
Formation of Financial Statements at Islamic Financial Institutions
Authors: Firdaus I. Kharisova ; Gulia M. Iskhakova ; Alfiya R. Yusupova ; Ildar K. Kharisov
Pages: 128-132
DOI:
doi.org/10.32861/jssr.spi5.128.132
Abstract
Conceptually, the key approaches to the formation of financial reporting for an Islamic financial institution (IFI) have much in common with approaches developed for economic entities in the traditional economy. At the same time, the AAOIFI Concept and the Financial Accounting Standard No. (1) provide for Islamic financial institution-specific provisions and reporting forms that reflect the requirements of the Sharia. Disclosure of methods in published accounts is intended to help its users distinguish between changes in the financial position of an Islamic financial institution, the results of its operations, cash flow, limited investment managed by it, the sources and use of Zakat (poor-due) and Kard funds and charitable foundations. Further development of the regulation of the issues on the formation of financial statements seems to us in the making common approaches to its formation closer for companies operating in the traditional economy and Islamic financial institutions.
Geo-branding: Way from Image of the Territory to a Full-Measured Construct
Authors: Aleksey A. Nikitin ; Tatyana I. Nikitina ; Bulat I. Yakupov
Pages: 133-136
DOI:
doi.org/10.32861/jssr.spi5.133.136
Abstract
Today, cities cannot be regarded as closed independent systems. Interterritorial competition for a variety of development resources is growing steadily. Not only the creation and implementation of a strategy for social and economic development but also territorial branding enable to ensure the effective use of the potential of the territory and increase its competitiveness. The article discloses the essence of the concept of geobranding, its development and application practice in Russia and is only a small part of a full-fledged study of the process of creating Russian geobrands. The purpose of the article is to give basic ideas about the branding of territories in the Russian Federation in the interconnection of key processes in this area. The methodological basis was provided by general scientific methods, such as synthesis and induction, the system approach, and also the normative method. The main conclusion drawn on the basis of the processing of the regulatory and empirical base is that the territory brand is based on the previous creation of a strategy for branding the strategy of development of the territory.
Influence of Modern Technologies on the Enterprise Management Structure (Experience of Russia)
Authors: Andrey A. Datsyk ; Alla I. Podgornaya ; Svetlana I. Grudina ; Dinara M. Safina
Pages: 137-141
DOI:
doi.org/10.32861/jssr.spi5.137.141
Abstract
The paper examines current scientific discussions on the formation of modern trends in the development of organizational structures on performing management functions. A scientific discussion on the impact of digital technologies on transformation of the enterprise management structure, experimenting with the development and introduction of new management structures is a most studied and in demand in recent years and at least in the next decade. The problems of cost reduction due to the digitalization of management, as well as the fields of enterprise activity in which digital trends are gaining increasing importance are discussed. In this regard, the matrix of demand for elements of the human resource productivity in the quantity to quality ratio has been developed. The main modern directions of improving organizational management structures are considered. The analysis of the degree of managerial functions centralization in holding structures is given; the factors of managerial functions centralization are revealed; the advantages of decentralized and centralized management are described, and the costs that must be taken into account when deciding on the distribution of functions between the parent company and the holding’s subsidiaries are given. The features of network and virtual structures are shown. The tendency of development of virtual structures is defined. The purpose of the research is to analyze the influence of modern technologies on the structure of enterprise management and, accordingly, to identify and describe the development tendencies of the most successful organizational structures, to make possible variants of the demand for the elements of the human resource productivity.
Innovative Pedagogical Experiences as a Key Factor of Professional Advancement
Authors: Tulupova O. V. ; Afonina E. A. ; Tsahaeva A. A. ; Azhiev A. V. ; Gadaborsheva Z. I. ; Alieva S. A. ; Kasumova B. S. A.
Pages: 142-145
DOI:
doi.org/10.32861/jssr.spi5.142.145
Abstract
A modern teacher has to work on professional self-improvement throughout his/her life in order to be worthy of the high title of “teacher”; therefore, he/she must constantly master the technologies of generalization and dissemination of innovative pedagogical experience. Research Methods: To address the research problems, research methods including analysis of the products of teachers’ activities, survey, analysis, synthesis, comparison, generalization of empirical data, questioning, expert evaluation, and statistical data processing were used. Research Results: In this study, the dissemination of such experiences in the process of upgrading teacher’s pedagogical qualification was positioned as a purposeful assistance in creating and applying the integrated unity of three spaces: educational, educational-reflexive, and social-practical. Discussion: The andragogical support of school teachers, who master innovative pedagogical experiences, should be organized proceeding from the andragogical approach to the educational process, which actualizes the principles of independence, taking into account the experiences of students, the application of learning outcomes to a specific situation, the intensification of the need for education. Conclusion”. The main differences between teachers working in schools and gymnasiums are manifested in a higher level of dissemination activity on the part of gymnasium teachers, which is related to the requirements to the staff in this institution and to personal characteristics of teachers who are more focused on creativity and the introduction of innovations into the pedagogical process.
International and Russian Experience in Primary Health Care Organization
Authors: Artur A. Almukhametov ; Anas A. Gilmanov ; Almir R. Abashev ; Ilia V. Petrov ; Firuza S. Petrova
Pages: 146-148
DOI:
doi.org/10.32861/jssr.spi5.146.148
Abstract
In this study, they presented the analysis of current views on the important link in medical care provision to the population, namely, primary health care. According to the Alma-Ata Declaration on the organization of primary health care this type of medical assistance has made it possible to carry out reforms within this area in many countries, which has led to effective results (the reduction of infant mortality, the increase of life expectancy and a number of other indicators). In this paper, they performed the analysis of Russian and foreign sources of literature on the topic under study between 1978 and 2018. It has been established that primary health care is regarded as the most effective instrument of health protection than specialized medical care according to the experience of Russian Federation, a number of countries in Europe, Asia and the African continent, Australia and the United States. The performed analysis clearly shows that the experience of some countries demonstrates the correlation between the general coverage of primary health care and the achievement of public health indicative indicators. At the same time, the question is raised about the expediency of certain aspect replacement concerning the provision of specialized medical care by the doctors of general practice, i.e. primary health care. The obtained results can be interpreted as an evidence base for the necessity and an undeniable effectiveness of primary health care as a central link in the health care system.
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